Lichens may superficially resemble mosses, and sometimes have common names that include the word "moss" (e.g., " reindeer moss" or " Iceland moss"), but they are not related to mosses. This contrasts with the pattern in all vascular plants ( seed plants and pteridophytes), where the diploid sporophyte generation is dominant. Mosses are grouped with the hornworts and liverworts as "non-vascular" plants in a division, all of them having the haploid gametophyte generation as the dominant phase of the life cycle (though in fact many mosses have advanced vascular systems ). Mosses are commonly confused with liverworts, hornworts and lichens. Dawsonia, the tallest moss in the world, can grow to 50 cm (20 in) in height.
They are typically 0.2–10 cm (0.1–3.9 in) tall, though some species are much larger. Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilisation develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores. Although some species have conducting tissues, these are generally poorly developed and structurally different from similar tissue found in vascular plants. The individual plants are usually composed of simple leaves that are generally only one cell thick, attached to a stem that may be branched or unbranched and has only a limited role in conducting water and nutrients. Mosses typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations. 1879 ) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta ( / b r aɪ ˈ ɒ f ə t ə/, / ˌ b r aɪ.
Clumps of moss on the ground and base of trees in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania, United States
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